دانلود جزوه زبان تخصصی رشته ی آموزش محیط زیست

نام فایل:جزوه زبان تخصصی رشته ی آموزش محیط زیست

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 Chapter One Basic Concepts of Environment The concept of environment is complex and comprehensive of several factors influencing it. It is not merely the air, water and soil that form our environment but also the soil and economical conditions of our life. It is usually defined as the aggregate of all external conditions and influences the life and the development of an organism, human behavior or society. The internal and external environments comprise the total environment. For descriptive purposes, environment has been divided into components, viz. physical, biological and psychosocial, all closely related. The concept of total global environment is the product of convergence of many forces – industrialization, the effects and dangers of weapons of mass destruction, with overall global technological advancements which make communication, ecological studies of nature and man-made environment easier than thought earlier. Thus the concept of total global environment is derived directly from ecological studies of the outcome of the convergence of the above forces. These studies base their work on the basic principles of ecology which may be summed up as follows: 1. All forms of life are interdependent. 2 www.konkur.in forum.konkur.in 2. The stability of ecosystems is dependent on their diversity and complexity. All sources – food, water, minerals, energy, etc. are finite. The health of humans, like all living organisms, is dependent on an ecosystem that sustains life. Healthy ecosystems are cradles for healthy organisms. Yet there is abundant evidence that many life-support systems are far from healthy, placing an increased burden on human health. In some areas of the world, gains in life expectancy and quality of life made during the twentieth century are at risk of being reversed in the twenty-first century. The consequences of ecosystem degradation to human health are numerous, and include health risks from unsafe drinking water, polluted air, climate change, emerging new diseases, and the resurgence of old diseases owing to ecological imbalances. Reversing this damage is possible in some cases, but not in others. Prevention of ecological damage is by far the most efficient strategy. The developing countries are in desperate need of development in order to meet the basic essentials for life of their millions of people. The process of development through the advancement of technology alters the delicate system of environment constantly and has numerous adverse effects on the status of ecosystem. During the course of time, population –driven development has increased as well as technically mediated interference as a part of our way of living, but human solidarity may have decreased somewhat. Our aspiration for greater material wealth has made many individuals more isolated, living wasteful lives which have put strain on the eco-health. Good eco-health has, more or less, come to be regarded as something unchangeable and obvious. The nonstop degradation of environmental resources has made people more aware of the susceptibility and defenselessness of the biosphere to the human intervention through environmental manipulation. Therefore, there is a need to change people's attitude and grow awareness in them with regard to the environment. There is no doubt in the fact that development is an inevitable need of all the nations, but should not be at the cost of the global environmental health. This will hopefully lead us to an era of complete harmony between human and environment. Since the environment in which we live is of special interest and importance to us, there is an urgent need to know the status of the 3 www.konkur.in forum.konkur.in environmental health and to develop appropriate strategy for proper restoration of the Earth's ecosystem.